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- DATE: JAN. 24, 1991 09:50 REPORT:
- TO: SPL
- FOR: ZOGLIN
- CC:
- BUREAU: JERUSALEM
- BY: ROBERT SLATER (JH)
- IN:
- SLUG: QUALITY OF INFO
-
- According to the strictest definition of Israeli
- censorship, all reporters working in Israel, whether
- foreign or local, must submit all their material to the
- censor for approval before publication. The Israeli and
- Arabic press work essentially that way. The foreign press
- does not. Under a gentleman's agreement dating back some
- years, the military censor permits foreign journalists to
- take the responsibility upon themselves for deciding what
- should and should not be presented to the censor before
- publication. The censor wants to see only the press
- material that impinges upon Israel's security: that can
- cover a wide-ranging list but the most critical items
- relate to Israeli military operations and many details
- dealing with the Israel Defense Forces. The list is
- longer, and includes secret diplomatic contacts and, at
- times, immigration, and oil sales.
-
- The censor works, according to foreign journalists, in
- strange ways. At times the censor has not permitted
- photographs of Israeli soldiers injured during the
- Palestinian uprising for fear that such photos would
- lower morale. Yet, the censor permitted foreign
- television crews to shoot footage of Israeli soldiers
- repeatedly shooting at Palestinian Arab demonstrators
- during the Intifadeh. Film footage of Israeli soldiers
- beating up Palestinians was also not censored. Those
- photos got Israel into huge trouble, but the censor never
- interfered. When the photos were aired, foreign TV crews
- were accused of creating the Intifadeh or at least
- distorting what was truly going on in Israeli-occupied
- areas.
-
- As for the current Gulf war, the military censor has
- taken an active interest in foreign reports related to
- the Iraqi Scud missile attacks against Israel. Foreign
- journalists have been prevented from reporting the exact
- location of missie hits (it is OK to use such phrases as
- Tel Aviv or Greater Tel Aviv, but nothing more specific).
- The censor will not let foreign reporters (or local for
- that matter) describe the number of Scud missiles fired
- during a given attack though this information seems to be
- getting out fairly readily; the number of Patriot
- missiles fired by Israel in response; or where the
- Patriots are based. In almost every case the foreign
- press has gone along with the censor's rules during the
- war.
-
- Most sensitive for Israeli military censors has been the
- frequent live coverage of CNN in Tel Aviv, site of the
- three missile attacks last week. In theory, CNN reporters
- are required to submit their copy to a military censor
- before going live. Occasionally CNN goes live even
- without getting the censor's prior approval.
-
- The most publicized glitch so far in Israeli censorship
- occurred yesterday when foreign reporters were able for
- the first time to describe where a missile attack
- occurred: in the Tel Aviv suburb of Ramat Gan. A military
- censor explained that the name was permitted to be used
- by foreign reporters after a local Israeli correspondent
- divulged the location in violation of censorship rules.
- Thus far there is no indication that the correspondent
- will be punished.
-
- NBC was forced to apologize to the Israeli Government
- when its correspondent Martin Fletcher showed up first at
- the Ramat Gan missil attack site on Tuesday night and
- announced that it appeared that there had been
- casualties. The censor does not permit mention of
- casualties for a certain period of time after a missile
- hit. Fletcher's report, quite accurate, was premature and
- thus a violation in the censor's eyes.
-
- It is impossible to make a broad generalization about
- how much information foreign reporters acquire in Israel
- that cannot be passed by the military censor. This
- depends upon how well informed the foreign reporter is.
- Local reporters, especially the military correspondents,
- tend to acquire a lot of information that cannot get past
- the censor. The same is true for the Israel Editors
- Committee, which is deliberately brought in on secrets so
- that the editors won't publish the material deliberately
- or inadvertently.
-
- Ordinarily, the military censor has people working in
- offices in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. Reporters are supposed
- to take their material to these censors and get their
- stamp of approval (literally) before forwarding any
- story.
-
-